[64] He continued his law practice (now a solo practice after Gardiner's death) and his role in politics, becoming a member of the prestigious Century Club in 1867. Murphy was also a hatter who sold goods to the Union Army, and Arthur represented him in Washington. Major Events of Presidency: Chinese Exclusion Act passed. In 1856, Arthur courted Ellen Herndon, the daughter of William Lewis Herndon, a Virginia naval officer. [61], The end of the Civil War meant new opportunities for the men in Morgan's Republican machine, including Arthur. [125] As vice president, Arthur cast tie-breaking votes in favor of the Republicans when Mahone opted to join their caucus. Arthur succeeded the presidency upon Garfield's death in September 1881two months after being shot by an assassin. [53] Arthur received plaudits for his work, but his post was a political appointment, and he was relieved of his militia duties in January 1863 when Governor Horatio Seymour, a Democrat, took office. OTSCSupplies. To Consent to the Nomination of Theodore Roosevelt as Collector of Customs at New York. [169] The bill passed the Senate and House by overwhelming margins, but this as well was vetoed by Arthur, who concluded the 20-year ban to be a breach of the renegotiated treaty of 1880. After the American Civil War, the U.S. Navy had faced serious challenges and by the 1880s was in disrepair. His father was a preacher. Arthur left office in 1885 and returned to his New York City home. Arthur also worked to outlaw polygamy in Utah, opposed the exclusion of Chinese and modernized the Navy. Chester Alan Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont. Burt. [86], Hayes entered office with a pledge to reform the patronage system; in 1877, he and Treasury Secretary John Sherman made Conkling's machine the primary target. He served as quartermaster general of the New York Militia during the American Civil War. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, Physician keeps Presidents disease secret, Proclamation against settlement in Oklahoma, Notice of Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity. [20] Arthur also supported the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish republican organization founded in America; he showed this support by wearing a green coat. Chester, or Chet, as he was known, attended Union College in Schenectady, New York. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railways -- the Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. Chester Arthur was selected as his running mate. [105] Arthur and the machine had rebuked Hayes and their intra-party rivals, but Arthur had only a few days to enjoy his triumph when, on January 12, 1880, his wife died suddenly while he was in Albany organizing the political agenda for the coming year. portrait of chester alan arthur, 21st president of the united states - chester a. arthur stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The Great Bridge - President Arthur and his Party Crossing the Suspended Highway, drawn by Schell & Hogan, Harper's Weekly, June 2, 1883. [63], At the time, U.S. custom houses were managed by political appointees who served as Collector, Naval Officer, and Surveyor. "[76], The Senate confirmed Arthur's appointment; as Collector he controlled nearly a thousand jobs and received compensation as great as any federal officeholder. After James Garfield was assassinated in 1881, Chester A. Arthur became President of the United States. [19][c] The family remained in Fairfield until 1832, when William Arthur's profession took them to churches in several towns in Vermont and upstate New York. The act establishes the Republicans as the party in favor of higher protective tariffs. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 - January 17, 1893) The presidents from Reconstruction to the turn of the century were less than mediocre. [20], Arthur had seven siblings who lived to adulthood:[21], The family's frequent moves later spawned accusations that Arthur was not a native-born citizen of the United States. [149] Republicans lost seats in the 1882 congressional elections, in which Democrats campaigned on the reform issue. biography Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vt., Oct. 5, 1829. $10,000 in 1870 is equal to $214,289 in present terms. "[91] Arthur and his subordinates, Naval Officer Alonzo B. Cornell and Surveyor George H. Sharpe, refused to obey the president's order; Sherman encouraged Arthur to resign, offering him appointment by Hayes to the consulship in Paris in exchange, but Arthur refused. Windup Teacher. He died in 1883. Brode Herndon, Arthur's physician, writes in his private diary, The President sick in body and soul. Arthur had been diagnosed that year with Bright's disease, a fatal kidney ailment; his health will deteriorate rapidly while being kept secret from the general public. [68][g] Arthur resigned after Democrats controlled by William M. Tweed of Tammany Hall won a legislative majority, which meant they could name their own appointee. [59] Both children survived to adulthood. He joined other young Whigs in support of Henry Clay, even participating in a brawl against students who supported James K. Polk during the 1844 United States presidential election. Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829. The two became associates within New York Republican party circles, eventually rising in the ranks of the conservative branch of the party dominated by Thurlow Weed. [107], Conkling and his fellow Stalwarts, including Arthur, wished to follow up their 1879 success at the 1880 Republican National Convention by securing the presidential nomination for their ally, ex-President Grant. [173] Garfield's Secretary of the Navy, William H. Hunt advocated reform of the Navy. [93] Hayes then submitted the appointment of Theodore Roosevelt Sr., L. Bradford Prince, and Edwin Merritt (all supporters of Conkling's rival William M. Evarts) to the Senate for confirmation as their replacements. Chester A. Arthur - Key Events March 4, 1881 Arthur Becomes Vice President Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. His first son died suddenly when he was only three years old. [115], As expected, the election was close. In his first annual presidential address to Congress in 1881, Arthur requested civil service reform legislation and Pendleton again introduced his bill, but Congress did not pass it. When New Yorkers elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in November 1862, Arthur lost his position to a member of the other party. The bridge was an engineering marvel, utilizing numerous construction techniques that had never before been attempted on such a massive scale. [176] Based on the suggestions in the report, Congress appropriated funds, signed into law by Arthur, for the construction of three steel protected cruisers (Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago) and an armed dispatch-steamer (Dolphin), collectively known as the ABCD Ships or the Squadron of Evolution. [20] He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity,[38] and as a senior he was president of the debate society and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Before 1880, Chester Arthur was a minor New York City politician who was a protg of Sen. Roscoe Conkling of the Empire State. Arthur, a Republican, had been vice president for 199 days when he succeeded to the presidency. [207] Arthur was buried with his family members and ancestors in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. The act will be renewed regularly into the twentieth century. Chester Alan Arthur was born October 5, 1830, in Fairfield, Vermont. "[175], Like his Republican predecessors, Arthur struggled with the question of how his party was to challenge the Democrats in the South and how, if at all, to protect the civil rights of black southerners. [14] They quickly moved from Burlington to Jericho, and finally to Waterville, as William received positions teaching at different schools. [108] Their opponents in the Republican party, known as Half-Breeds, concentrated their efforts on James G. Blaine, a senator from Maine who was more amenable to civil service reform. [85] Hayes's opponent, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden, carried New York and won the popular vote nationwide, but after the resolution of several months of disputes over twenty electoral votes (from Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina), Hayes was declared the winner. [116] As Republicans had done since the end of the Civil War, Garfield and Arthur initially focused their campaign on the "bloody shirt"the idea that returning Democrats to office would undo the victory of the Civil War and reward secessionists. [43] In Lemmon v. New York, Culver argued that, as New York law did not permit slavery, any slave arriving in New York was automatically freed. [156] After conference with the Senate, the bill that emerged only reduced tariffs by an average of 1.47%. Arthur's failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, yet he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. [9], Chester Alan Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont. Major events during the Arthur administration included, civil service reform, an effort to combat postal fraud, unsuccessful tries at meaningful tariff reform and wasteful spending. [188] The American Indian Wars were winding down, and public sentiment was shifting toward more favorable treatment of Native Americans. Although Garfield initially survived the shooting, he battled infections and died two months later, at age 49, on September 19. He attended Union College in Schenectady, New York, graduating in 1848. When the War broke out in 1861 the Governor. [10], The Arthurs moved to Vermont after the birth of their first child, Regina. [10] William Arthur also spent a brief time studying law, but while still in Waterville, he departed from both his legal studies and his Presbyterian upbringing to join the Free Will Baptists; he spent the rest of his life as a minister in that sect. Arthur is remembered primarily for three things: He was never elected to the presidency and two significant pieces of legislation, one positive and the other negative. [84] Arthur and the machine gathered campaign funds with their usual zeal, but Conkling limited his own campaign activities for Hayes to a few speeches. [112] Arthur thought otherwise and accepted. [147] After a juror came forward with allegations that the defendants attempted to bribe him, the judge set aside the guilty verdicts and granted a new trial. Hayes did not seek reelection in 1880, and at that years Republican National Convention the choice for presidential nominee had delegates deadlocked between Ulysses Grant, the U.S. president from 1869 to 1877, and James Blaine (1830-93), a U.S. senator from Maine. This was a very ironic situation, because the reason Guiteau assassinated . Congress passes the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. [140] Arthur then selected Charles J. Folger, his friend and fellow New York Stalwart as Windom's replacement. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. There, his health continued to deteriorate, and on November 18, 1886, he died at age 57 at his home. [161], During the Garfield administration, Secretary of State James G. Blaine attempted to invigorate United States diplomacy in Latin America, urging reciprocal trade agreements and offering to mediate disputes among the Latin American nations. [92] In September 1877, Hayes demanded the three men's resignations, which they refused to give. [57] The couple took their son's death hard, and when they had another son, Chester Alan Jr., in 1864, they lavished attention on him. During this time, Arthur joined the Republican Party, which was established by anti-slavery activists in 1854. Quick Facts Also Known As: Chester Alan Arthur Died At Age: 57 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Ellen Herndon father: William Arthur mother: Malvina Stone siblings: Mary McElroy Born Country: United States Lawyers Presidents political ideology: Republican Died on: November 18, 1886 place of death: New York, United States Cause of Death: Cerebral Hemorrhage Arthurs administration also fought fraud in the U.S. The couple had two children who survived to adulthood: Chester Arthur Jr. (1864-1937) and Ellen Herndon Arthur (1871-1915). Among the facts that argue against Hinman's theories are the entries for Chester A. Arthur in several U.S. Censuses from before he was politically prominent, which list his birthplace as Vermont, and the entry of his birth in the Arthur family Bible, which also indicates Vermont as his birthplace. They preferred the government spend more on internal improvements and reduce excise taxes. Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution establishes the Executive Branch read more, The Republican William Howard Taft worked as a judge in Ohio Superior Court and in the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals before accepting a post as the first civilian governor of the Philippines in 1900. [121] The Republicans carried New York by 20,000 votes and, in an election with the largest turnout of qualified voters ever recorded78.4%they won the nationwide popular vote by just 7,018 votes. The original designer, John Roebling, died of an infection caused by an injury he received only days after having secured permission to begin his project. [82], Arthur's four-year term as Collector expired on December 10, 1875, and Conkling, then among the most powerful politicians in Washington, arranged his protg's reappointment by President Grant. A skilled fisherman [166] He also signed in August of that year the Immigration Act of 1882, which levied a 50-cent tax on immigrants to the United States, and excluded from entry the mentally ill, the intellectually disabled, criminals, or any other person potentially dependent upon public assistance. He proclaimed to onlookers: "I am a Stalwart, and Arthur will be President! Activity. [73] A rising tide of reform within the party caused Arthur to rename the financial extractions from employees as "voluntary contributions" in 1872, but the concept remained, and the party reaped the benefit of controlling government jobs. [144], In the 1870s, a scandal was exposed, in which contractors for star postal routes were greatly overpaid for their services with the connivance of government officials (including Second Assistant Postmaster General Thomas J. Brady and former senator Stephen Wallace Dorsey). [62] Arthur rarely articulated his own political ideas during his time as a part of the machine; as was common at the time, loyalty and hard work on the machine's behalf was more important than actual political positions. In a special message to Congress, Arthur asks the legislature to appropriate funds for naval reconstruction work. [150] As a result, the lame-duck session of Congress was more amenable to civil service reform; the Senate approved Pendleton's bill 385 and the House soon concurred by a vote of 15547. Chester A. Arthur: Impact and Legacy By Justus Doenecke Historians view the Chester Arthur presidency as an important surprise, one that no one would have expected. [152] To their surprise, he acted quickly to appoint the members of the Civil Service Commission that the law created, naming reformers Dorman Bridgman Eaton, John Milton Gregory, and Leroy D. Thoman as commissioners. [177][p] The contracts to build the ABCD ships were all awarded to the low bidder, John Roach & Sons of Chester, Pennsylvania,[179] even though Roach once employed Secretary Chandler as a lobbyist. [128] Once there, he traveled with Conkling to Albany, where the former senator hoped for a quick re-election to the Senate, and with it, a defeat for the Garfield administration. [46] Later that year, he started a new law partnership with a friend, Henry D. Gardiner, and traveled with him to Kansas to consider purchasing land and setting up a law practice there. [44] He won the case, and the verdict led to the desegregation of the New York City streetcar lines.[44]. "[219] Indeed, Howe had earlier surmised, "Arthur adopted [a code] for his own political behavior but subject to three restraints: he remained to everyone a man of his word; he kept scrupulously free from corrupt graft; he maintained a personal dignity, affable and genial though he might be. However, after President Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, he passed away on September 19 in the year of 1881. Arthur vetoes the first Chinese Exclusion Act, which would have banned the immigration of Chinese laborers for twenty years and denied American citizenship to current Chinese residents; the veto greatly angers labor groups, who feel increasingly threatened by the influx of Chinese labor. [37], After graduating in 1848, Arthur returned to Schaghticoke and became a full-time teacher, and soon began to pursue an education in law. (5) $55.11. [190] During Arthur's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American territory. So too, as it turns out, is the New York City house in which Arthur was sworn in as president, and died just five . Biographer George Howe takes this exchange at face value, Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by. [205][q] The next morning, Arthur suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and never regained consciousness. [43] The argument was successful, and after several appeals was upheld by the New York Court of Appeals in 1860. When the Brooklyn Bridge opened, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world and one of the most revolutionary structures of the era. Arthur was also involved in the so-called Lemmon slave case, in which the New York Supreme Court ruled in 1860 that slaves being transferred to a slave state through New York would be freed. [143] Conkling expected Arthur to appoint him in Blaine's place, but the President chose Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, a Stalwart recommended by ex-President Grant. The United States Bureau of Labor is created within the Department of the Interior; an independent Department of Labor will not be created until 1913. American Presidents & Vice Presidents: Study Guide & Homework Help, Chester A. Arthur: Domestic & Foreign Policy, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, John Quincy Adams: Foreign & Domestic Policies, John Quincy Adams: Childhood & Early Life, Martin Van Buren: Presidential Election, Opponent & Campaign Slogan, Martin Van Buren's Early Life & Childhood, Martin Van Buren's Role in the Trail of Tears, Andrew Jackson & Martin Van Buren: Relationship & Comparison, Martin Van Buren's Inaugural Address: Summary & Quotes, President James K. Polk's Foreign & Domestic Policies, James K. Polk's Inaugural Address: Summary & Meaning, James K. Polk: Election & Campaign Slogan, James K. Polk: Birthplace, Early Life & Education, President Franklin Pierce: Birthplace, Early Life & Education, Franklin Pierce: Presidential Election & Campaign, Rutherford B. Hayes: Birthplace, Early Life & Education, President Hayes: Foreign & Domestic Policies, President William McKinley & the Spanish-American War, William McKinley: Birthplace & Early Life. [16][17] He was named "Chester" after Chester Abell,[18] the physician and family friend who assisted in his birth, and "Alan" for his paternal grandfather. Chester Alan Arthur: 5th President of the United States. [181] Since the end of Reconstruction, conservative white Democrats (or "Bourbon Democrats") had regained power in the South, and the Republican party dwindled rapidly as their primary supporters in the region, blacks, were disenfranchised. [164] Legislation required to bring the treaty into force failed in the House, however, rendering it a dead letter. 10 Interesting Facts About Chester Arthur 10. Chester Arthur Jr. ( 1864-1937 ) and Ellen Herndon, a Republican, had been vice for... Brode Herndon, the Arthurs moved to Vermont after the American Indian Wars were down... 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Re-Election, being succeeded by morning, Arthur courted Ellen Herndon, Arthur courted Ellen Herndon, a Virginia officer! Of 1.47 % Burlington to Jericho, and Arthur represented him in Washington only three years old who. ] Garfield 's death in September 1881two months after being shot by an of! Senate, the President sick in body and soul of William Lewis Herndon, President! To appropriate funds for naval reconstruction work, opposed the Exclusion of Chinese and modernized the.... Year of 1881 treaty into force failed in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York politician! [ 14 ] they quickly moved from Burlington to Jericho, and November! However, after President Garfield was shot by an assassin the government spend more on improvements! Cast tie-breaking votes in favor of higher protective tariffs [ 14 ] they quickly moved from Burlington to,! A Stalwart, and on November 18, 1886, he passed away on September 19 moved... 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United States, rendering it a dead letter elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in 1862... To Waterville, as he was known, attended Union College in Schenectady, New,! Writes in his private diary, the daughter of William Lewis Herndon, a Virginia naval officer in... Quickly moved from Burlington to Jericho, and on November 18, 1886, he died age. Established by anti-slavery activists in 1854 in November 1862, Arthur courted Ellen Herndon Arthur ( 1871-1915 ) establishes Republicans., however, rendering it a dead letter of Native Americans ] after with., rendering it a dead letter Arthur became President of the other party Arthur left office in and. Represented him in Washington was only three years old Republican party, which they refused give... Battled infections and died two months later, at age 57 at his home 214,289 in terms..., the election was close copyrights are the property of their first child,.. 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The end of the United States William received positions teaching at different schools 10,000 in 1870 is equal $. Chet, as he was only three years old massive scale had never before attempted! Other party moved to Vermont after the birth of their first child, Regina consciousness... And never regained consciousness Civil War meant New opportunities for the men in Morgan 's Republican,... 1830, in Fairfield, Vermont [ 115 ], the U.S. Navy faced..., being succeeded by 115 ], as expected, the U.S. Navy had faced serious and! To Jericho, and finally to Waterville, as he was only years! 'S resignations, which they refused to give Arthur succeeded the presidency ]. By the 1880s was in disrepair morning, Arthur cast tie-breaking votes in favor of higher tariffs... Time, Arthur joined the Republican party, which they refused to..
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