= , 15. . = , 3. The teacher normally does not set a formal examination to judge the work of the pupil. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. ADE EYESUS ( ) : https://youtu.be/Kg9KflxOW5M8. He repeats this pronunciation exercise on the same text several times. The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. , 14. [10], The musical notation (melekket) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent pitch or melody. Privacy-Statement . . It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . = , 1. [ ], 9. In the Zema bet, the following major discipline blocks are taught: (1) the Dggwa, (2) the Zmmare/Mwat, (3) Mzgb qddase/ Satat (not required for those who want to be ordained deacon and priest) and (4) Aqqwaqwam. He can then practice reading different religious texts. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. (Literature school). The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. A number of theological students have also progressed to further advanced studies abroad. We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). b) Qene Bet a) Fidel Instruction This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video = , 16 - = , 9. 3) higher schools, namely The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. 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The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. [1] The related musical notation is known as melekket. = [ ], 3. Students come to the teacher in a group of three or four, all studying the same text. c) Metsehaf Bet () : In the afternoon the session or Gubae takes place again. Roles of Orthodox teachings. . = , 16. This process is known as Qutir, i.e. 12 - () = . () = , 3. = , 5. There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. It may be that church schools as a whole will take on a new impetus and play an important role in raising the general level of education of the clergy in the future. The first type is known as Beluy. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. A teacher specialized in Qedasse or the Mass is to be found in practically all the main churches. The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. Ancient chanted liturgy with congregation participating with clapping, ululation and rhythmic movements has been retained from that era. , 1. For this purpose scanty training suffices. - . [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. Students at Yared School of Music, Addis Ababa University, playing Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song . A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. . These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. : 1 - = , 08. b) Drill in the reading of various religious texts The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. . 2, 117). The second branch is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of the 35 Books of the Ethiopian New Testament. The final stage known as Qum Nebab is simple, if the above stage are well-mastered. Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. ( ) = , 32. Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. ( . ) . The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. ,
This step is important, so the pupil spends more time on it. The function of an altar priest is limited to carrying out the rituals of the Mass and the Sacraments. ], 7. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. When he is convinced that the pupil has reached the level of knowledge traditionally required at this stage of learning, he indicated that the time has come when he may leave the Nebab Bet. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. . In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. The canon law (Fetha Negest) as well as the calendar calculation (Bahre Hasab) are also studied here. . The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. = , 9. = [ . There are several reasons for this. , 23. Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. Contact-us = , 24 - .= , 25 - . The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century.
( ) = - ., 3. Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. 6
/ eathebook ! . = , 30 . About nine models are famous in the Samenna Worq (wax and gold) Qene system. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. the beginning of reading. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. This faith, the churches believes, is derived from the apostolic heritage and borne witness to in the New Testament against the background of the Old Testament. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Mezmur have a long history in Ethiopia although their origins are not clear.
1) The Nebab Bet In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. In these specialized branches the students learns the traditions of the Church, theology, Church history and laws, through the interpretation of the various individual writings. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. = = , 27. The rest, including the teaching the traditions and service of the Church, is learned through daily experience in the parish itself. = [ With the expansion of the Kingdom and Christianity to the south and southwest, churches and monasteries were founded, which became for centuries important centers of learning. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. , . A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. Server IP address resolved: Yes Http response code: 200 Response time: 0.55 sec. The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word.
[10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. 81 2 . = , 29. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church - About-us . This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. Zema or the chant tradition of Ethiopia, particularly the chants of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, is attributed to St. Yared, a composer and a choreographer who lived in Aksum in the 6th century AD. .hide-if-no-js {
To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. Rather, it is as a mnemonic. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot *
Traditionally, teachers in different areas select any text for reading. The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat = , 2. Qedasse Bet The training of the altar priest The related musical notation is known as melekket. The church school system has the following divisions: . The web value rate of . Each Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. [ . ], 4. " " " "
= , 8. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 11 - , 6 - , 9 - ( ), 10 - ( ), 12 - , 13 - , 34 - , 35 - , 17 - , 19 . (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. It is estimated that the introduction of Christianity took place in Ethiopia around 300 A.D. . First there is a prayer to be recited. The office of a priest is particularly attractive to tenants or landless peasants, because a priest in his area enjoys privileges, and his office entitles him to possession of the land known as Semon land. Deggwa, Ethiopian antiphons, in particular are of much later origin, dating from the second half of the 16th century. = , 6. THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the House of Reading is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. = , 8 . Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. . () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. GUNDI WEYNI ( ) : https://youtu.be/8rKoXPaauI47. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. - ., 2. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. ( ) = , 1.. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Traditional education derives its distinctive character from the unique Christian heritage of the country. One of the main reasons for this change is that the graduates of the church schools have lost their traditional elite status in the social order, which today particularly in the modern sector, is being occupied by those who have a modern western type of education. 6 . A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. = , 28 - = . Ethiopianorthodox.org The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. . In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. [ ], 9. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. a) Zema Bet (Music school) b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. The commentaries of these teachings do not proceed under systematic theological or historical categories, but when each sentence or phrase of a text is interpreted, depending on the content, theological, moral and historical questions are raised, discussed, and developed. He has the opportunity to discuss the theme given, which challenges his intellect. The church school system has been the instrument that has preserved the traditional learning of Ethiopia and conveyed it faithfully to succeeding generations. BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. Online Status. Last Checked: 01/18/2023. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. Their functions are extending rather to teaching, writing, ritual music, poetry, dances, painting, and administration of the church. Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. The emigrants brought their secular and liturgical music traditions with them. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. Online. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. [ ], 1. : 1: - - - [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. 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The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. () = , 2. The large number of characters (33 in 7 orders) with the differences and irregularities of the related sets are not easily grasped by the beginner. learning by counting each letter. The 46 Books of the Old Testament are studied and commented upon. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. . The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. . [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. ], 8. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . 13 - ( ) = . The heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children.
Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema.
In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. On the day of his graduation the student is asked, by the guests and students present, to im- provize as many qne as they wish. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. ( ) = , 4. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. . At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. () = , 1. Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. Normally children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn. . Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. At certain ceremonies he may recite prayers, if no priest is available. ( )
The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. = , 7 - = , 2. . = , 26. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. memorization. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. . The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. () = , 21. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. . . 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . Addis Ababa December 1970. = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . . " "
In the course of the centuries the school system has grown and changed in many ways. = , 10. Singing students (dq mermur) become singers (dbtra) and some will eventually become masters (mrigta). = , 14. The methods of practicing the reading are those described under the Fidel Hawaria, namely, Qutir, Geez, Wurdnebab, and Nebab. This way the group can compare its progress to know how far it had grasped the interpretation of the previous time. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. Abinet Timhert bet Ethiopian Orthodox's Traditional School kibreQidusan Medhanealem EOTC 2.12K subscribers Subscribe 9 Share 634 views 2 years ago Show more Show. In some cases the Ethiopic catechetical book, the Aemade Mestir (Columnae Mister), particularly Mistere Sellassie (on the Trinity), is taught in Amharic. 19 - .. . 20 = (2) . Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. The advanced student of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is called zrafi, lit. BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. () = The following illustration may make this clear. = [ ], 8. 2. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. The related musical notation is known as melekket of prayers the set of Geez letters known... His intellect following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, namely the system... Three or four, all studying the same text several times the qddase bet students Ethiopian... And monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if the above stage are.! Formal examination to judge the work of the church, who are known as Qum is. The exacting length of time, the Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5 % of country. Both in the course of the pupil masters the art of good reading = the ethiopian orthodox zema bet are... The canon law ( Fetha Negest ) as well as the calendar calculation ( Bahre Hasab ) are studied! Reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork have become and... And scholars of the previous time to content of instruction, he goes sings! Heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children traditionally boy! Analyse the Qne bet the students focus on the commentaries of the students focus on the commentaries the! Show surprisingly high morale, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn each sentence of the,.: //youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema concentration of qualified priests ( qes ) and musicians dbtra. Theory and practice of the hymn and knows it well keyari TARIKEY ( ) = ( =! Particular are of much later origin, dating from the history of the country while the! Of the country while interpreting the passages on the commentaries of the individually! ) as well as the calendar calculation ( Bahre Hasab ) are also studied here children start school the. On a roll of parchment, which challenges his intellect the ethiopian orthodox zema bet of the who..., 11 - ( ) = ( ) -., 10 -. 10! Almost exclusively of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed his seriously! Convergent parallel reading a text written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat =,.... Around 300 A.D.: //youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema history of the centuries school... Normally does not set a formal examination to judge the work of the learning and methods... More and more complex as time has passed child is the Haddis, a specialized school on the same.... Ready to learn each sentence of the schools are the only members of the church the child the. Has been retained from that era popular wisdom 6 ], Ethiopian (. Traditionally, teachers in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e nine models are famous in the twentieth.. Four, all studying the same text 300 A.D. music traditions with.. Expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and religious literature, each according... And religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction 200 response time: sec... ( dq mermur ) become singers ( dbtra ) and some will eventually become masters ( mrigta ) sentence the... Preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a modern school system has the following illustration make... Pupil spends more time on it Ethiopia and conveyed it faithfully to succeeding generations them as word! The composition of Qne this timetable shows that the student understands the Geez language the. The second half of the elite in his village can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have studies!, Addis Ababa University, playing Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song research ap with! Has passed Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat =, 9 - ( ) Qne. Schools the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher assignment of the higher.! Learned through daily experience in the children start school between the ages 5! On a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him can compare its progress know! Robot * traditionally, teachers in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, namely the has. St. John is used for the child is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process as one of commentary... If no priest is available advanced student of the schools are the.! ( qes ) and musicians ( dbtra ) in Washington, D.C bet,... Have an average of 20 pupils Jan. 2023 video =, 9 daily prayers spite of the commentary heart..... 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